Digitalization in a clinical laboratory

Without digitalization, we would not have modern laboratory medicine. Various digital solutions are key tools, along with laboratory equipment. All research results are entered into a digital patient information system, and almost all laboratory equipment is managed with some kind of digital software.  Middleware automatically checks the test results produced by the analyzers, and from the middleware they are transferred to the patient information system. Effective software solutions are also part of patient safety.

While laboratory application solutions are highly developed and facilitate the everyday work of professionals, digital services and programs between the laboratory and stakeholders, as well as the laboratory and customers, do not work as well. Numerous different patient information systems are used in Finland, which is why the doctor only sees the patient’s laboratory results that were taken within the same wellness area. A patient from Seinäjoki receiving cancer treatment at Tampere University Hospital comes to the laboratory for a sample collection with a paper referral, and their completed laboratory results are sent via fax to a doctor in Tampere. This naturally causes extra work, is slower and involves information security risks.

At my workplace, many things are still done in paper form. There are still steps of development on the horizon. Blood sample referrals from hospital wards are still printed on paper lists, but we are moving to ”mobile sampling.” This means that the sampler carries a smartphone and a small label printer, so that the test request labels for the sample tubes are printed next to the patient. This improves the traceability of samples by recording the actual sampling time and the person who took the samples on the test request labels. The mobile sampling system also provides real-time information to all samplers: how many blood samples have yet to be taken, and if anyone needs help with sampling.

In addition to the previous one, our laboratory will receive a digital orientation application this year. When a new employee comes to the laboratory, they must learn usually about ten different workstations. The clinical laboratory work standard requires that the orientation be documented and the orientation time and information about the work instructors must be included. Currently, all this information is written on paper forms. The laboratory and information management of the welfare are currently developing real-time digital orientation software where new employees, mentors, and supervisors electronically sign workplace orientations. Even if the supervisor physically would work in a different unit, he or she can monitor the progress of the orientation through the software and plan the next steps based on it. Also, the software allows to create personal orientation plan for each employee.

The impacts of digitalization in the future

Digitalization has taken a giant leap forward through new forms of artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence is not a new invention and is already present in our everyday lives in many ways. Artificial intelligence is already being used also in medicine, but the biggest breakthroughs are yet to come. I first tried to think of clever examples myself, but then I realized to ask the artificial intelligence (ChatGPT) itself:

  • AI can help diagnose diseases by analyzing large amounts of patient data, imaging data (such as X-rays or MRIs), and laboratory results.
  • AI can analyze patient data and genetic information to make treatment plans to the individual patient.
  • AI can help healthcare professionals predicting treatment needs.
  • AI can enable remote monitoring and care, allowing patients to receive help and advice remotely
  • AI can help researchers analyze large amounts of data from studies, find new connections, and generate new insights that can lead to innovations in medicine.
  • AI can be used to practice care situations through digital simulation.

Clinical laboratories work will also change completely as artificial intelligence solutions become a permanent part of medicine and healthcare. It would be ethically wrong to not use the potential of AI in the modern medicine, but development work is still ongoing, and the implementation of various applications will require huge and expensive investments in IT-infrastructure. Also, the potential of AI should be used for the benefit of everyone, not just in the care of private healthcare patients.

It’s fun to discuss questions related to your field with AI. However, I quickly notice that the more specific questions I ask, the less accurate the AI’s answers become. AI produces good answers when discussing general topics, but it is not yet an expert in every field.

 

GDPR, General Data Protection Regulation

The GDPR regulation is a necessary part of patient safety and of self-determination. The regulation sets strict requirements for patient work. According to it, data processing is always based on consent, the purpose of which is to ensure the patient’s understanding of what they are consenting to, for example in a treatment situation. GDPR regulation must be taken into account in all patient activities, because the work involves processing a lot of personal data. The regulation must also be taken into account in medical research.

Self evaluation

Laws and regulations seem to take good care of the data protection of patient work. Instead, I’m a little worried about my own privacy. Is it wise for me to share information about myself on the internet? What can that information be used for? And if I have to worry about myself, how worried should I be about my elderly parents or my young children when they are dealing with for example AI?

International crime is certainly also interested in utilizing big data. Big data analytics can for example be used in cybercrime. Social media alone produces a huge amount of information. Of course, it can be used for good purposes, such as research, but it can also be used in questionable ways. Compared to decades ago, there is relatively less reliable information available today. Anyone can fill the internet with misinformation and harmful content. Actually, you must be careful when searching for reliable information.

I commented to:
Chuong, Quang Vo
https://blogi.savonia.fi/juhaahola/