Physical Exercise class for workplaces – Is that the solution to coping at work?

Have you heard of an adult PE class? It’s an ingenious idea by two advertising agency entrepreneurs to get people moving during working hours and restore the Finnish people’s physical activity. The entrepreneurs Elovaara and Lehtinen initially launched the experiment in their own company, where they exercised with their staff for an hour a week for three months. The results were great, and the experiment became a permanent part of their company’s personnel policy, although the duo became so enthusiastic about it that they now offer their employees the opportunity to exercise for an hour during the workday – every single day. The adult PE class caught public attention at the 2023 Finnish Sports Gala, where the former world elite skier Sami Jauhojärvi starred a video to promote the joys of physical exercise in the workplace.

Inactivity is expensive

In Finland, the working-age population is decreasing, leading to the fact that there is already a severe shortage of skilled workers in some fields of work. Part of the solution to this societal problem is to raise the retirement age and therefore people would need to be able to sustain their ability to work longer. The physical endurance of Finns has been deteriorating for decades and will pose challenges in the future if this trend is not halted. People will face increasing challenges especially in physically demanding jobs, leading to labour shortages and labour productivity problems. According to the prognosis for decline of physical condition of working-age Finns the number of people in a good physical condition will decrease in the future. The cost of physical inactivity and sickness absence in Finland is several billion euros annually. (Ahokas etc. 2023.) In 2022, according to the Healthy Physical Activity Recommendations, 56% of our population aged 20-64 were insufficiently physically active (Sotkanet sine anno).

Picture 1: Weekly physical recommendation for 18-64 -years-old. By UKK Institute

How to get effectiveness?

Several studies show the positive effects of physical activity on work performance and recovery from work (Ervasti etc 2022). The effects on physical and mental health are positive. Regular physical activity prevents and treats many common diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and musculoskeletal disorders. (UKK-instituutti 2024.) Positive effects can be achieved by, for example, replacing an hour of sitting still with light physical activity during the day (Garthwaite etc 2022). There is also growing research evidence on the positive impact of physical activity in the treatment of depression and anxiety (Kukkonen-Harjula & Laukkala 2019).


There are signs of an awakening at the national level in Finland to physically activate the population. The government programme puts a strong emphasis on the efforts to promote physical activity. One of the objectives of the Suomi liikkeelle -programme is to integrate aspects of physical activity and health promotion into the strategies and plans of wellbeing services counties and municipalities. In addition, the Suomi liikkeelle -programme highlights the aspect of supporting people’s ability to cope at work and calls for the employer’s role in supporting coping at work. The aim is to find effective methods to increase physical activity among employees. (Valtioneuvosto 2023.) According to Rütten & Pfeifer, the most effective ways to promote physical activity at work were achieved by combining many different methods. Examples of effective ways include encouraging to walk or bike to and from work, providing exercise facilities, restructuring work processes to support physical activity for example by adding active breaks to workdays, as well as offering various exercise programs and utilizing the pedometer. (Rütten & Pfeifer 2016).

Raahe – a promoter of well-being at work

The message of the adult PE lesson is strongly targeted at employees in the private sector. However, businesses employ only a fraction of our working age population. We wanted to find out whether local public employers have recognized to the need to get working-aged people moving and found an interesting example in North Ostrobothnia on the shores of the Bothnian Sea. The city of Raahe started in 2022 to develop staff well-being at work based on the needs of the employees. The members of the staff expressed the need to have more breaks during the working day and wanted to find ways to prevent exhaustion. The city’s entire 1150 employees participated in a one-year trial period, which allowed them one hour of weekly physical activity during working hours. (Ojala & Sarlin 2024.)


According to Seppo Sarlin, Head of Human Resources of Raahe City, and Toni Ojala, Head of Sports Services, the feedback was generally excellent, and they wanted to make it a permanent policy. This required the will of the municipal decision-makers and a local agreement between the employer and the employees. In addition to the weekly physical exercise class the city of Raahe employees have access to an exercise voucher, a break exercise app, a cycling benefit, free use of the gym and free access to the city swimming hall once a week. Employees are also offered group exercise classes and opportunities to participate in a running school and various sporting events paid for by the employer. The city encourages employees to take care of their well-being in a variety of ways, offering extensive occupational health services, physical activity counselling, opportunities to get physical activity prescriptions and encouraging different types of rehabilitation. (Ojala & Sarlin 2024.)


– Sickness absence rates have dropped considerably, especially long periods of absence. The savings through sickness absences have been around 975 000 €, Sarlin says. This saving was obtained by comparing the sickness absence costs for 2022 with those for 2023.

The Raahe experience has also presented challenges for the implementation of the weekly physical exercise programme, and participation has varied between different occupational groups. Good staff management has helped to overcome these challenges. Feedback from the staff on the weekly physical exercise classes has been positive and the employees feel that the employer cares for and looks after them. In Raahe, the weekly exercise and investment in well-being at work are thought to be factors of attraction and retention. (Ojala & Sarlin 2024.)

Now it’s time to get down to work!

Interventions that motivate healthy lifestyles bring savings for both employers and society. In such difficult economic times as we now are facing, cost-effective measures should be invested in (Ervasti etc 2022). In Raahe, this has already been boldly implemented and the positive effects of physical activation speak for themselves. Physical activity benefits individuals, employers and society as a whole. It is well-stated in the government programme (Valtioneuvosto 2023): ”A strong and caring Finland is built on concrete and honest solutions. Hope for the future is built through action.”

Let’s work together to bring physical activity into the workplace and build a better future – it’s an investment that pays off.

Writers

Anna Helin, Heidi-Maria Kannas, Elina Lehikoinen & Johanna Leskelä, Students of Welfare and Health Coordinator Master’s Degree Programme at Savonia University of Applied Sciences 

Jaana Hämäläinen, Pirjo Pehkonen and Sanna Savela, Lecturers at Savonia University of Applied Sciences  

The work has used AI as follows: DeepL Translate 2024. Used for language correction, April 2024. https://www.deepl.com/translator.

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Ahokas, Ira, Heikinheimo, Vuokko, Helminen, Ville, Hurmerinta, Leila, Kokko, Sami, Lyytimäki, Jari, Tapio, Petri & Vasankari, Tommi 2023. Kunnon rapistuminen haastaa hyvinvointi-Suomen 2023. Pdf-file. Published 2/2023. https://www.aka.fi/globalassets/3-stn/1-strateginen-tutkimus/tiedon-kayttajalle/politiikkasuositukset/politiikkasuositukset/23_06_kunnon-rapistuminen-haastaa-hyvinvointi-suomen.pdf. Accessed 7.3.2024.

Aikuisten liikuntatunti sine anno. Yritys menestyy kun ihmiset voivat hyvin. Internet publication. https://www.aikuistenliikuntatunti.fi/aikuisten-liikuntatunnin-tarina. Accessed 5.4.2024.

Ervasti, Jenni, Kausto, Johanna, Leino-Arjas, Päivi, Turunen, Jarno, Varje, Pekka & Väänänen, Ari 2022. Työkyvyn tuen vaikuttavuus. Tutkimuskatsaus työkyvyn tukitoimien työkyky- ja kustannusvaikutuksista. Valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimustoiminnan julkaisusarja 2022: 7. https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/163779/VNTEAS_2022_7.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed 28.3.2024.

Garthwaite, Taru, Heinonen, Ilkka, Knuuti, Juhani, Laine, Saara, Sjöros, Tanja & Vasankari, Tommi 2022. Effects of reduced sedentary time on cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: A three-month randomized controlled trial. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 25, 579–585. https://wwms.org/article/S1440-2440(22)00083-4/fulltext. Accessed 7.3.2024.

Kukkonen-Harjula, Katriina & Laukkala, Tanja 2019. Liikunta tukee mielen toipumista. Lääkärilehti 74, 2650–2654. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tanja-Laukkala/publication/337388170_Liikunta_tukee_mielen_toipumista/links/5dd4f20da6fdcc37897a6dbd/Liikunta-tukee-mielen-toipumista.pdf. Accessed 7.3.2024.

Ojala, Toni & Sarlin, Seppo 2024. Head of Sports Services and Head of Human Resources of Raahe City. Interview 2.2.2024.

Rütten, Alfred & Pfeifer Klaus 2016. National Recommendation for Physical Activity and Physical Activity Promotion. https://www.sport.fau.de/files/2015/05/National-Recommendations-for-Physical-Activity-and-Physical-Activity-Promotion.pdf. Accessed 7.3.2024.

Sotkanet sine anno. Tilasto- ja indikaattoripankki. Internet publication. https://sotkanet.fi/sotkanet/fi/taulukko/?indicator=szbMzQcA&region=s07MBAA=&year=sy5zsTbS0zUEAA==&gender=t&abs=f&color=f&buildVersion=3.1.1&buildTimestamp=202309010633. Accessed 7.3.2024.

UKK Instituutti 2024. Liikkumisen vaikutukset. Internet publication. Updated 16.2.2024. https://ukkinstituutti.fi/liikkuminen/liikkumisen-vaikutukset/. Accessed 7.3.2024.

UKK Institute 2023. Weekly Physical Activity Recommendation for 18-64 -year-olds. Internet publication. https://ukkinstituutti.fi/en/products-services/physical-activity-recommendations/weekly-physical-activity-recommendation-for-18-64-year-olds/. Accessed 7.3.2024.

Valtioneuvosto 2023. Vahva ja Välittävä Suomi. Pääministeri Petteri Orpon hallituksen ohjelma 20.6.2023. Pdf-file. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-383-763-8. Accessed 7.3.2024.

Rules of the game – pet friends at the workplace

What are the real benefits and impacts of pets among employees? Can we find new ways to help employees recover from work better and faster? Is there a way to reduce mental health problems among working-age? For a long time, there has been discussion and research about the effects of animal assistance on client well-being. Could we use this information to improve also occupational health in all workplaces? For some people, these best friends are the benefits of the work but at the same time, some coworkers cannot stand any animals at the workplace.
People’s experiences with animals in the workplace have been studied recently. Qualitative research is often used to describe and analyze experiences with animals, so evaluating the effectiveness is a little more challenging. Measuring effectiveness is usually associated with quantitative research (Vataja 2020).

Jane at work. Photo: Lis-Mari Kivelä.

Advantages for well-being

One of many ways to increase occupational well-being effectiveness is the arrival of pets at the workplace. A cat or dog isn’t only an animal, but a member of a family.  It’s also a way to combine the worker’s working life and leisure. There is evidence in the research that pets improve their owner’s productivity and enhance creativity. The animal’s presence decreases stress and for example, reduces blood pressure. In addition, pets can contribute to the interaction with other employees. It has been noticed that people are more friendly to others when there are pets around. This may be significant to the organization’s image and even bring more customers. (Wilkin, Fairlie & Ezzedeen 2016, 96–109; Foreman, Glenn, Meade & Wirth 2017, 498.) The employer’s positive approach to pets has added to the interest in the workplace. It has been noted that a pet-friendly workplace could manage recruitment better. Some will choose a job with a lower salary than a workplace that forbids animals. The permit of pets can contribute to the growth in productivity and the employee’s commitment to the company. Employees are less absent from work and they also have greater satisfaction with the job. (Wilkin, Fairlie & Ezzedeen 2016, 96–109; Foreman, Glenn, Meade & Wirth 2017, 498.)
Junca-Silva (2023, 3) developed the so-called Furr-recovery method and integrated it into micro-breaks. The studies show that taking a short recovery break from work is even more effective if you can take it with your furry friend. Micro-breaks that include animal interaction help recover energy, regulate emotions and minimize the effects of negative events. Animals also detach employees from work better than for example just a normal coffee break, so micro-brakes are more efficient. (Junça-Silva 2023, 3). It is acknowledged that the urge to touch a pet can even be a biological need and neuroscience studies show that even looking or talking to a dog releases oxytocin and reduces feelings of fear or anxiety. (Junça-Silva 2022, 5).

Potential challenges

When the management of the organization allows animals in the workplace, certain things must be taken into account. Some legislation must be followed at the workplace and insurance issues must be clear. If the property is rented, permission must be asked from the property owner. For example, a dog may cause dangerous situations by accidentally knocking people over. If the animal causes danger in the workplace, the owners are always responsible for their animal. Just like humans, animals also need breaks from work. The rest area should be peaceful and fresh water should be available there. Employees must know how to observe the signs of stress in the animal. (Hautamäki, Ramadan & Vilhunen 2021, 33–34; Nevala 2022, 45-50.) Some people don’t like pets or animals in general. For them, dogs in offices, restaurants, or shops is almost an unbearable thought. There might be some fear, some diseases, or other bad experiences with the dogs. They cannot be blamed for that. If a person has a bad memory about someone’s four-legged friend, there’s no help if the owner says that my Hannibal is such a nice fellow, you don’t need to scare him at all. Or there might be some serious allergies, which can activate from small amounts of animal dandruff. Luckily, research indicates that allergies are quite a small threat. Dogs visit elderly homes, hospitals, and other public places and the benefits are greater than the risks for any disease to activate. (Yleisradio 2018.)

Which scale matters the most when we are thinking about bringing the pets to work, the pros or the cons?

Conclusion

Qualitative research shows clearly that pets in the workplace have more advantages than disadvantages. Now that we have opened the discussion about whether or not pets should be allowed in the workplace, should there be a discussion about what all we can bring to the workplace next? Maybe kids or elderly? Should this be mentioned in the job advertisement? Is it the future that animals are already talked about in job advertisements? Can the employer ask in a job interview if you like animals?

So, it needs much talking in our communities about the rules of the game, and what is allowed in our shared places and what is not.

Writers 

Miia Hallikainen, Sari Hoffren, Sini Karhunen, Päivi Parviainen & Anu Särkkä, Students of Welfare and Health Coordinator Master’s Degree Programme at Savonia University of Applied Sciences 

Jaana Hämäläinen, Pirjo Pehkonen and Sanna Savela, Lecturers at Savonia University of Applied Sciences   

Sources

Foreman, Anne, M., Glenn, Margaret, K., Meade, Jean, B. & Wirth, Oliver 2017. Dogs in the Workplace: A Review of the Benefits and Potential Challenges. International journal of environmental research and public health 14, 498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050498. Accessed 5.2.2024.
Hautamäki, Lotta, Ramadan, Farid & Vilhunen, Tuuli 2021. Millainen on hyvä eläinavusteinen interventio? Käsikirja eläinavusteisten menetelmien laadukkaaseen toteuttamiseen eri toimintaympäristöissä. Kansaneläkelaitos. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021061738238. Accessed 14.2.2024.
Junça-Silva, Ana 2002. Unleashing the Furr-Recovery Method: Interacting with Pets in Teleworking Replenishes the Self’s Regulatory Resources: Evidence from a Daily-Diary Study. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010518. Accessed 8.2.2024.
Junça-Silva, Ana 2023. ´Pawing’ uncertainty! how dogs attenuate the impact of daily hassles at work on uncertainty. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01295-z. Accessed 8.2.2024.
Nevala, Niina 2022. Toimistokoirien merkitys työntekijöiden kokemaan työhyvinvointiin. Johtamisen ja organisoinnin pro gradu-tutkielma. Turun yliopisto. https://www.utupub.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/154300/nevala_niina_opinnayte.pdfsequence=1. Accessed 14.2.2024.
Wilkin, Christa, L., Fairlie, Paul & Ezzedeen, Souha R. 2016. Who let the dogs in? A look at pet-friendly workplaces. International Journal of Workplace Health Management 9 (1), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-04-2015-0021. Accessed 5.2.2024.
Vataja Katri. 2020. Vaikuttavuusarviointia monimutkaiseen maailmaan. Sitra. https://www.sitra.fi/artikkelit/vaikuttavuusarviointia-monimutkaiseen-maailmaan/. Accessed 9.2.2024.
Yleisradio 2018. Toimistokoira voi luoda työpaikalle rennon ilmapiirin – ”Ennemmin positiivinen ongelma kuin työajan syöppö”. Published 16.1.2018. https://yle.fi/a/3-9954229. Accessed 12.1.2024.

Empowering families from the home sofa

Picture: You shouldn’t be left alone when having issues with your child’s behaviour. Picture: Pixabay

Children’s behavioral issues are quite common, but usually, the children learn to manage their emotions and control their behavior. However, in some cases, this development does not occur, and conduct disorders are recognized in childern in different ways. (Aronen 2016.) These behavioral problems and conduct disorders require a lot of resources from the family. Parents may be at a loss as to what should be done.

The generally increased search for information has caused people, among other things, more health anxiety. Regarding parenting, the information available online can bring certainty to parenting, but the disadvantage is also the confusion, stress and weakened confidence in one’s own parenting skills caused by the flood of information. (Glatz & Lippold 2023.) For example, grandparents may negatively stir the pot with confusing and out-of-date information, and the help and tips on internet forums encourage operating models that do not necessarily have a scientific basis.

When searching for information, we should be critical of the source and focus on scientific studies, because health information found on the internet can often be misleading and incomplete (Peng 2022). The question really is, where can we get scientific and effective support for a child’s behavioral disorders? The Voimaperheet – method could be helpful and solve challenging situations and make life easier for the whole family.

Conduct disorders – what do they mean?

Stretching boundaries and expressing defiance are part of normal child development.  However, conduct disorders are complex disorders characterized by long-term antisocial, violent, or defiant behavior. Behind the child’s behavior may be trauma experiences, depression, or neuropsychiatric problems. Severe conduct disorders can cause dangerous situations at home and school and raise fears about how to deal with the problems. It is important that the child and his or her family receive help in time.

Conduct disorders can show up as fighting, bullying, tantrums, or aggressive behavior. Symptoms may also include minor resistance to authority, rudeness, and inability to cooperate. Aggressive behavior can be targeted at adults, objects, or other children.

By improving and strengthening children’s emotional, interaction, and problem-solving abilities, it is possible to prevent the emergence of children’s conduct disorders.  Also providing support for factors that increase the risk of developing conduct disorders is proven to be effective. (Puustjärvi and Repokari 2017.)

An effective way to treat conduct disorders is structured guidance for parents to support their and their children’s positive relationship and strengthen positive behavior. For older children the most effective ways to help and prevent those disorders are those psychosocial interventions directed to their parents and networks. The conclusion is that we shouldn’t be left alone when having issues with the child’s behaviour or the relationship when there is much information and many methods to be used. (Käypähoito -suositus 2018.)

Power Families – The Voimaperheet parent training intervention method

The Voimaperheet intervention method was developed for professionals as a tool to support parents whose children have difficulties with behaviour, defiance, concentration, or attention. The method was developed together with the Research Centre for Child Psychiatry at the University of Turku in cooperation with a Canadian research group and primary health care. The Voimaperheet intervention method includes parental guidance, which is implemented as web-based guidance regardless of time and place. In Finland, the method is used in maternity and child health clinics, family counselling clinics, early childhood education and care and schools, and professionals are trained for the work. Parents can get help raising their children at home through a remote service, making it easier to participate even from the comfort of one’s own home. Power family coaches can call or remotely contact parents. In the Power Families model, the evidence of effectiveness is good. A comparative study has shown that children who participated in the Voimaperheet intervention have fewer psychiatric diagnoses and that functional disorders have decreased significantly compared to the control group. The pilot study was carried out in the context of the four-year audit using a questionnaire between 2010 and 2011. In the study, remote treatment of children’s behavioural problems was successful, behavioural problems were reduced and parenting skills improved significantly. (Kasvun tuki sinne anno.)

Don’t be left alone

Recognizing children’s conduct disorders and the right guidance methods for parents affect the well-being of the whole family. Getting help for a family is possible with a low threshold in the midst of the rush of everyday life. As a parent, we should have the courage to discuss our child’s conduct disorders with a health care professional. Studies have shown that effective help is available for parenting challenges, so no one needs to be left alone with those.

Writers 

Saija Manninen, Meri Leinonen, Saara Väisänen and Jenni Kinnunen, Health and Welfare Coordinator- students

Jaana Hämäläinen, Pirjo Pehkonen and Sanna Savela, Lecturers at Savonia University of Applied Sciences   

References

Aronen, Eeva 2016. Lasten häiriökäyttäytyminen. Lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja Duodecim. 2016;132(10):961-6. https://www.duodecimlehti.fi/duo13145 Accessed 26.3.2024.

Glatz, Terese, Lippold, Melissa A 2023. Is more information always better? Associations among parents’ online information searching, information overload, and self-efficacy. International Journal of Behavioral Development 2023, Vol. 47(5) 444–453. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/01650254231190883 Accessed 13.2.2024.

Kasvun tuki sinne anno. Voimaperheet. Website. https://kasvuntuki.fi/menetelmat/voimaperheet/#Menetelmnkuvaus. Accessed 16.2.2024.

Käypähoito-suositus 2018. Käytöshäiriöt (lapset ja nuoret). Suomalaisen Lääkäriseuran Duodecimin, Suomen lastenpsykiatriyhdistyksen, Suomen nuorisopsykiatrisen yhdistyksen ja Suomen Psykiatriyhdistyksen Nuorisopsykiatrian jaoksen asettama työryhmä. Helsinki: Suomalainen Lääkäriseura Duodecim, 2018. Available online: Käytöshäiriöt (lapset ja nuoret) (kaypahoito.fi). Accessed 21.2.2024.

Peng, Rachel X, 2022. How online searches fuel health anxiety: Investigating the link between health-related searches, health anxiety, and future intention. Computer in Human Behavior Volume 136, 107384. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0747563222002060 Accessed 13.2.2024.

Puustjärvi, Anita ja Repokari, Leena 2017. Lasten käytöshäiriöihin tulee puuttua ajoissa. Lääkärilehti 21/2017 vsk 72s. 1364 – 1369. Article. http://www.laakarilehti.fi.ezproxy.savonia.fi/tieteessa/katsausartikkeli/lasten-kaytoshairioihin-tulee-puuttua-ajoissa/. Accessed 13.2.2024.

Turun yliopisto. Voimaperheet – digitaaliset ohjelmat lasten ja perheiden hyvinvoinnin tukena. Website. https://sites.utu.fi/voimaperheet/. Accessed 16.2.2024.

Smartwatches – a threat or an opportunity? 

Picture 1: Smartwatch: Pixabay

In today’s world, technological advancements have opened new possibilities for maintaining our physical health and wellness. A wide range of wellness technology applications and devices are now available that enable us to track our physical activity and monitor the body’s functions. From wearable fitness trackers to smartwatches, these innovative tools make it easier than ever for people to stay on top of their fitness goals and make healthier choices in their daily lives. We would like to draw attention to the advantages and disadvantages that smartwatches present in our daily routines. 

Daily physical activity

Everyday activities are light movements done while performing daily tasks. The market has introduced several pedometers and smartwatches, making it possible to conduct more detailed studies on the quality and quantity of daily movements. Increasing daily physical activity is crucial for public health. According to the Käypä Hoito recommendation (2016), adults should engage in either 150 minutes of moderately strenuous exercise, such as brisk walking, or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise, such as running, every week. Additionally, muscle-strengthening exercises should be done at least twice a week. (Leppäluoto etc. 2012.) 

Picture 2: Daily activity: Pixabay

It’s particularly challenging to meet these exercise recommendations for people who are out of shape and overweight, but doing so would be most beneficial for them. The number of daily steps is important for cardiovascular health. Even exceeding the 5,000-step limit has effects on overweight and blood pressure. By studying the number of steps and the time spent on it, the significance of the intensity of stepping for health benefits can also be determined. According to studies, even 1,000-2,000 steps are enough to gain health benefits if it is done in 10-20 minutes. (Leppäluoto etc. 2012.)

Opportunities 

Individuals may struggle with negative self-perception, which can hinder their progress and prevent them benefiting from a healthier life because of physical exercise. It’s essential to recognize and challenge the negative beliefs one has about him/herself. Using a smartwatch to set and monitor achievable goals has been shown to be effective. Positive feedback and incentives can serve as effective activity boosters. (Sullivan & Lachman 2017.)

Smartwatches have emerged as a technological tool that have a positive impact on the health and well-being of individuals, but it is still unclear how long these effects last. One of the key reasons behind the effectiveness of smartwatches is the presence of various features that can help increase physical activity levels. By offering real-time information about one’s physical activity and fitness levels, these devices can motivate individuals to engage in more physical activity and make healthier lifestyle choices. However, it is important to note that long-term lifestyle changes often require a comprehensive behavior change. While smartwatches can be a helpful tool in initiating this change, they cannot guarantee long-term success on their own. Nevertheless, the impact of a smartwatch can be significant in getting individuals to start making positive changes in their lifestyle. (Sullivan & Lachman 2017.) 

Threats 

There are several situations in which individuals experience stressful reactions when using the smartwatch. The main stressors were different types of interruptions, such as vibration, sound, or other alarms. The invasion of technology and dependency were also perceived as stressors. Dependency emerged as a clear factor and was reflected in behavior and compulsive use of technology. (Nevalainen 2021, 52-53.) The reason for stopping using a smartwatch was the stress caused by tracking the data. Reminder from the watch that one has not slept well or has not exercised enough was perceived as stressful. (Kerimaa 2022, 38–43, 61.) Two participants in the study carried out by Nevalainen (2021, 40) tell about their experiences:

— Feels like I should constantly use it. It was annoying when it vibrated all the time. You can look at your mobile phone whenever you want, but the watch was vibrating all the time so it was disturbing.

Picture 3: Stress: Pixabay

— There’s perhaps too much information, there are a lot of features and different sports modes. I feel like I’m so lazy or I’m in a hurry and I don’t even have time to get to know everything and I’m always like, uh, I’ve got the wrong program on here. And it might measure the wrong kilometers or heart rate. Yeah, I feel like there’s too much of everything.

It is difficult to draw direct conclusions related to an individual due to the complexity of personality traits. Personality traits can have some effects on the occurrence or amount of perceived stress. However, it can be stated that those who feel themselves willing to experiment are on average less stressed about using a smartwatch than others. Also, less neurotic person feels less stress towards wellness technology, while a more neurotic person does. (Nevalainen 2021, 53.) 

Conclusions

In conclusion, smartwatches are a promising tool for promoting physical activity and reducing a sedentary lifestyle. However, smartwatches are not for everyone. Features that benefit some, irritate others to the point that they stop using the watch. Therefore, perhaps a thorough user guide would be necessary when the goal is to increase daily activity with the help of a smartwatch. 

While they offer many benefits, it is important to remember that long-term lifestyle changes require a comprehensive approach that includes other factors such as diet, exercise, and mental health. The smartwatch is particularly crucial for encouraging physical activity among individuals who are the least active and vulnerable to health problems. From a public health perspective, motivating this group would lead to the most positive outcomes. It is worth considering whether it would be advantageous for municipalities to provide or lend smartwatches to promote well-being and health.

Writers

Annina Kekki, Anette Kuisma, Outi Jäntti and Katja Karilainen, Health and Welfare Coordinator – students

Jaana Hämäläinen, Pirjo Pehkonen and Sanna Savela, Lecturers at Savonia University of Applied Sciences  

Sources

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Leppäluoto, Juhani, Ahola, Riikka, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Korpelainen, Raija, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka & Jämsä, Timo 2012. Aikuisten terveysliikunnan laadun ja määrän objektiivinen mittaaminen. Duodecim 2012;128(1):72–9. https://www.duodecimlehti.fi/duo10004  Accessed 17.3.2024.

Nevalainen, Ville 2021. Hyvinvointi- ja liikuntateknologian aiheuttama teknostressi. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä. Information systems science, Master`s thesis. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202105313339. Accessed 4.3.2024. Sullivan, A.N & Lachman, M.E. 2017. Behavior change with fitness technology in sedentary adults: A review of the evidence for increasing physical activity. Online publication. Frontiers in Public Health, 4(January). https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00289/full Accessed 12.3.2024.

KiVa program works to tackle bullying in Finnish schools – could this effective program be used beyond school settings?

“Human distress is real”, says the mother who lost her child to suicide. The girl was a victim of bullying at school for 2,5 years before she finally committed suicide. (Julkunen 2023.) Unfortunately, this kind of news has become more and more common in the media recently.

The 2023 School Health Survey in Finland reveals that the number of children, who are bullied in school at least once a week, is rising. Slightly less than one in ten pupils in 4., 5., 8. and 9.graders have experienced bullying. Something that was also notable was the fact that over 21% of 8. and 9. graders had experienced a potential threat of violence. (Opetushallinto 2023.) Information on the wellbeing of school-age children is collected in Finnish school health surveys and each school’s own well-being and bullying surveys. Is there anything schools can do to intervene in bullying and promote the wellbeing of children at school?

Bullying has long-term impacts on a person’s life

Bullying in childhood is a worldwide known problem, which affects human health, mental health and relationship issues.  Bullying is recognized to have far-reaching consequences for adulthood at the psychological, physiological and social levels. For example, the after-effects can appear as self -esteem, body image and mental health challenges in adulthood. Childhood bullying has also been found to be associated with the development of post-traumatic stress reactions. (Delara 2018, 1 & 18.)

So what leads one to be bullied and what the root causes of bullying might be? Bullying as a phenomenon is complex and that is the reason why it is so challenging to pinpoint a single explanation for it. Bullying situations involve many emotions for all parties, and this is often shown as an inability to empathize and understand another person’s feelings even though that would often be what is most needed.

KiVa – effective anti-bullying program in Finnish schools

KiVa anti-bullying program has a huge impact in Finland and many other countries against bullying. More than 900 schools in Finland participate in the KiVa School program and it is also used in more than 20 other countries. (KiVa Antibullying Program 2024b.)

To prevent bullying, it requires commitment and consistency from adults throughout the school and community to create an anti-bullying climate and culture. One effective way to tackle bullying is KiVa School program applied in most schools in Finland. KiVa has clear guidelines based on evidence and research on how to intervene in bullying at school. Throughout the year, schools systematically run KiVa lessons aimed at influencing the norms of groups of pupils and how children and young people act if they perceive bullying.  KiVa also provides schools with tools, teaching materials, games and other activities for year-round use, so that they prevent and intervene in bullying but also monitor the situation in their school through annual online surveys and feedback. There are also materials for parents. (KiVa Antibullying Program 2024a.)

“Because the KiVa programme has a proven positive impact both in working against bullying and in creating positive environments for schools, could its potential be extended beyond the school setting?”

The Kiva School program has received international awards. The effectiveness of KiVa was studied in extensive studies already in 2007-2009. Since 2009, data has been collected through student and staff surveys from schools participating in the KiVa School program around Finland. The implementation of the KiVa School program has reduced bullying and increased well-being at school. (Kaarttinen 2022; Munukka & Kurki 2019).

The research results show that bullying and being bullied among 4.-6. graders decreased by 30-40% in KiVa schools already in the first year, says Christina Salmivalli, a professor at the University of Turku and the founder of KiVa. According to Salmivalli, the number of bullies in schools that have participated in KiVa for several years has decreased. However, this study was conducted almost 10 years ago, and no comparison between non-program and KiVa schools has been made since then. Even though research of impacts is still in progress. Salmivalli talks about an upcoming study that will study the situation of those who participated in KiVa program in 2007–2009, now aged 20–30, from the perspective of coping with bullying. (Kaarttinen 2022; Munukka & Kurki 2019).  

Salmivalli says that according to studies, Kiva school program activities were more effective in primary school than in secondary school. In some ways, it is easier to influence younger people and change their behavior and practices. Bullying will never be completely eradicated; aggression is unfortunately part of human nature. But mitigating the impacts and increasing understanding is an effective way to try to change ideas, Salmivalli says. (Sutton, 2014).  

As already noted, bullying is a notoriously common phenomenon. The vast majority of people, regardless of age, have some contact with bullying.  Bullying does not only affect the victim and immediate family, but its effects extend to the bullies, the bystanders and the community as a whole. Intervention at bullying is everyone’s responsibility and the most effective action of all is for people to have the courage to tackle bullying and to be aware that bullying is not just confined to school, and that bullying prevention is not just for school staff. Co-operation with actors outside of the school increases effectiveness in anti-bullying work.

Even though there is undeniable scientific evidence of KiVa, why do we still need to address this? Simply because it’s not only anti-bullying program but also at the same time builds a positive learning environment and supports the well-being of students in various ways. Because the KiVa programme has a proven positive impact both in working against bullying and in creating positive environments for schools, could its potential be extended beyond the school setting? 

Writers

Miia Pentikäinen, Sini Poutala & Sonja Suominen, Students of Welfare and Health Coordinator Master’s Degree Programme at Savonia University of Applied Sciences  

Jaana Hämäläinen, Pirjo Pehkonen and Sanna Savela, Lecturers at Savonia University of Applied Sciences    

References:

DeLara, Ellen W 2018. Consequences of Childhood Bullying on Mental Health and Relationships for Young Adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2018 (8). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ellen-Delara/publication/326961037_Consequences_of_Childhood_Bullying_on_Mental_Health_and_Relationships_for_Young_Adults/links/5b6e0aab45851546c9fa454e/Consequences-of-Childhood-Bullying-on-Mental-Health-and-Relationships-for-Young-Adults.pdf. Accessed 22.01.2024.

Julkunen, Emmi 2023. Olivian, 15, traaginen tarina leviää somessa. Ilta-Sanomat article. 12.09.2023. https://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000009844989.html. Accessed 22.01.2024.

Kaarttinen, Toni 2022. https://www.pelastusarmeija.fi/uutisia/uutiset/kiva-koulu-tehokas-tyokalu-koulukiusaamista-vastaan Accessed 27.3.2024.

KiVa Antibullying Program 2024a. Mikä on KiVa? https://www.kivakoulu.fi/kivaohjelmasta/  Accessed 12.1.2024.

KiVa Antibullying Program 2024b. Tutkimus ja vaikuttavuus. https://www.kivakoulu.fi/tutkimus/ Accessed 12.1.24.

Munukka Jouni & Kurki Riikka 2019, Ylistettyä Kiva koulu-ohjelmaa käytetään jopa vahingollisella tavalla: ”Jättää aikamoisia traumoja kiusatulle”.  https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2019/01/09/ylistettya-kiva-koulu-ohjelmaa-kaytetaan-jopa-vahingollisella-tavalla-jattaa Accessed 3.2.2024.

Opetushallitus 2023. Kouluterveyskysely 2023: Kouluilla ja oppilaitoksilla on näköalapaikka lasten ja nuorten hyvinvointiin. News 21.09.2023. https://www.oph.fi/fi/uutiset/2023/kouluterveyskysely-2023-kouluilla-ja-oppilaitoksilla-nakoalapaikka-lasten-ja-nuorten. Accessed: 12.01.2024.

Pixabay 2023. Picture: Together we are more. Picture is published in picturebank 1.1.2023. https://www.istockphoto.com/fi/valokuva/tiimity%C3%B6k%C3%A4det-syd%C3%A4n-ja-monimuotoisuuskumppanuus-liikemiesten-tuki-tai-gm1448698670-486124424 Accessed: 9.4.2024.

Sutton Jon. 2014. Interview: Kiva against bullying. https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/interview-kiva-against-bullying. Accessed 3.2.2024.

Encountering a multicultural patient in healthcare 

Multiculturalism and internationalization of nursing practice is a key area in nursing education. The goal is the internationalization of Finnish education, to which universities and universities of applied sciences invest. The number of immigrant clients, which are related to refugee status, alienation, feeling of being outside and marginality, is considered a challenge to the multicultural trend in Finnish nursing. 

Often when an employee encounters a patient from a foreign culture, they usually only notice the visible part, such as gender, age, skin color, language or clothing.

When a person moves to a new living environment, almost everything changes in their life. Social relationships are largely broken and the culture and language are completely new. The rules of society usually differ from the previous ones, which means that people’s abilities and merits are not necessarily valued. 

Often when an employee encounters a patient from a foreign culture, they usually only notice the visible part, such as gender, age, skin color, language or clothing. However, multicultural nursing work should take into account the patient’s cultural identity, values, worldview, beliefs and cultural customs. In addition, also his individual needs and native language. 

Picture 1: Iceberg model of multicultural nursing. Picture: Senja Tuppurainen

Every patient has the right to high-quality health care and medical care. Treatment must be organised in such a way that the patient is treated with respect for his or her beliefs and privacy and that his or her dignity is not violated. It should be taken into account that everyone’s perception of health and illness and what is considered acceptable treatment practice is always fundamentally influenced by cultural values. 

Picture 2: A healthcare professional must ensure that the patient receives sufficient information in an understandable manner. Picture: Senja Tuppurainen

In Finland, the use of interpretation services in the social and health care sector has increased considerably due to the growth of immigration. According to Finnish legislation, immigrants have the right to interpretation services and the right to use their native tongue in certain situations. The patient must be given a report on his or her state of health, the significance of the treatment, the different treatment options and their effects, as well as everything related to treatment that is relevant to decisions on his or her treatment. A health care professional must ensure that the patient receives sufficient information in an understandable manner. An interpreter commissioned by the authorities must always be used as an interpreter at a health care appointment, and the interpretation may not be, for example, the patient’s foreign-language child.   

Blog Writers:

Tuula Airaksinen and Senja Tuppurainen Welfare and Health Coordinator -student from Savonia UAS. 


REFERENCES:

Abdelhamid, Pirkko, Juntunen, Anitta & Koskinen, Liisa 2010. Monikulttuurinen hoitotyö. Helsinki: WSOYpro Oy.

Karjalainen, Anna Liisa & Wallenius-Penttilä, Kristiina 2020. Eri tavoin kommunikoivien kohtaaminen sosiaali- ja terveysala työssä. Diak opetus61. Tampere: PunaMusta Oy.

Laki potilaan asemasta ja oikeuksista, 17.8.1992/785. Viitattu 8.8.2024. Saatavissa: https://finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1992/19920785

Saukkonen, Pasi 2020. Suomi omaksi kodiksi: kotouttamispolitiikka ja sen kehittämismahdollisuudet. Helsinki: Gaudeamus.

Kotihoidon työhyvinvointi kuntoon

Artikkeli liittyy Sosionomi YAMK-opinnäytetyöhöni, jonka aiheena oli työhyvinvoinnin kehittäminen kotihoidossa.

Haasteet

Kotihoitoon tullaan tarvitsemaan tulevaisuudessa hoitajia, koska asiakasmäärä tulee kasvamaan paljon. Väestö vanhenee ja muistisairaudet lisääntyvät samalla, kun asumispalvelupaikkoja vähennetään. Lisäksi lähihoitajia kouluttautuu entistä vähemmän ja hoitajista on pula. Hoitoala ei houkuttele ja kotihoitoon on ollut vaikea saada koulutettua hoitohenkilökuntaa.

Työyhteisötaidot

Työ kotihoidossa on vaativaa. Asiakkaat ovat monisairaita ja työ on itsenäistä, joten se vaatii vahvaa päätöksentekotaitoa. Vaativat asiakkaat tai omaiset tuovat omat haasteensa työhön. Myös työyhteisössä voi ilmetä ristiriitoja työtovereiden kesken. Nämä haasteet luokitellaan työyhteisötaitoihin liittyviin asioihin. Näitä taitoja voidaan harjoitella ja tärkeää on luoda yhteiset pelisäännöt, joita noudatetaan. Positiivinen ajattelu sekä huumori koettiin auttavan työhyvinvoinnin ylläpitämisessä.

Työnorganisointi

Merkittävä keino vaikuttaa työhyvinvontiin on työnorganisointi. Kotihoidon työt jaetaan hoitajille työnohjausjärjestelmään eli mobiilin joko keskitetyssä työnjaossa tai omassa yksikössä omien työntekijöiden toimesta. Tärkeintä on, että työnjako toimii hyvin. Työntekijällä on oltava realistinen mahdollisuus suorittaa asiakaskäynnit työajan puitteissa.  Lisäksi asiakkaan on saatava hoito- ja palvelusuunnitelman mukainen palvelu. Lisäksi on tärkeää, että hoitajan on mahdollista käydä työvuoron aikana tauoilla ja että työnjaossa on huomioitu siirtymiset asiakaskäynniltä toiselle. Muuten hoitajalle syntyy kiireen tunne tai eettistä kuormitusta. Ylityö on kotihoidossa merkittävä työhyvinvointia heikentävä tekijä.

Esihenkilötyö

Johtamisella on merkittävä osuus yhteisön työhyvinvointiin. Tasa-arvon ja oikeudenmukaisuuden kokemus ovat tärkeimmät asiat, jotka jokaisen tulee kokea. Osallisuus työvuoro- ja lomasuunnitteluun nähdään erittäin tärkeänä, vaikka esihenkilö lopuksi ne hyväksyvät. Esihenkilöllä on tärkeä rooli tiedottamisessa ja tärkeää on, että kaikki saavat tiedon yhtä aikaa ja samanlaisena. Palautteen antamista toivotaan enemmän ja avoimemmin.

Kirjoittaja
Tanja Lappalainen, Sosionomi YAMK, Savonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, tanja.lappalainen2@edu.savonia.fi.

Lähteet

Kehusmaa, Alastalo 2022. Vanhuspalvelujen työvoimapula kärjistyy kotihoidossa – neljännes yksiköistä tekee joka viikko töitä riittämättömällä henkilöstöllä ja ylityöt ovat yleisiä. Tutkimuksesta tiiviisti. THL. Saatavissa: Vanhuspalvelujen työvoimapula kärjistyy kotihoidossa – neljännes yksiköistä tekee joka viikko töitä riittämättömällä henkilöstöllä ja ylityöt ovat yleisiä (julkari.fi)

Selander, Kirsikka; Nikunlaakso, Risto & Laitinen, Jaana 2023. Työn kuormitus- ja voimavaratekijät: miten ylläpidetään vanhuspalveluissa työskentelevien työkykyä? Työelämän tutkimus 21 (2) 2023. Saatavissa: Työn kuormitus- ja voimavaratekijät: Miten ylläpidetään vanhuspalveluissa työskentelevien työkykyä? | Työelämän tutkimus (journal.fi).

KOHDATAAN! Mutta kenen ehdoilla?

Kohtaamisen merkityksestä, sen toteutumisesta sekä toteuttamisesta puhutaan asiakastyössä paljon. Mutta millä tavalla se oikeasti toteutuu? Entäpä kenen ehdoilla ja tarpeista lähtien sitä toteutetaan? Kohtaamiseen ja vuorovaikutukseen sekä sen kehittämiseen on olemassa lukemattomia oppaita. Organisaatiot myös kouluttavat työntekijöitään parempiin vuorovaikutustaitoihin ja sen myötä vahvistamaan mutta myös konkretisoimaan kohtaamisen merkitystä. Asiakastyössä vastuu vuorovaikutustilanteesta ja kohtaamisen toteutumisesta on kuitenkin työntekijällä, jolloin opitun tiedon ja taidon sisäistäminen sekä käytäntöön siirtäminen punnitaan.

Kohtaaminen ei ole hokkupokkustemppuja, vaan usein hyvin arkista läsnäoloa, pysähtymistä ja hyväksymistä. – Kaarina Mönkkönen

Käsilläsi oleva blogipostaus pohjautuu Sari Varpulan (2024) Savonia-ammattikorkeakoulussa valmistuneeseen YAMK-opinnäytetyöhön. Opinnäytetyössä tutkittiin kohtaavaa vuorovaikutusta lapsiperheille suunnatussa matalan kynnyksen kohtaamispaikassa. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin vanhempien kokemuksia kohtaamisesta ja vuorovaikutuksesta. Asiakaskokemuksiin perustuvan tiedon myötä saatiin tärkeää tietoa palveluntuottajalle lapsi- ja perhepalvelujen kehittämistä varten. Tutkimuksessa tutkittiin myös teoreettisella tasolla ammatillisen kohtaavan vuorovaikutuksen ulottuvuuksia. Tavoitteena oli löytää tarkennusta siihen, miten kohtaava vuorovaikutus toteutuu ja mitkä seikat voivat olla esteenä sen toteutumiselle. Käsitteiden teoreettinen tarkastelu avasi näkökulmia asiakastyön kehittämistä varten. Näkökulmien laajenemisen myötä on mahdollista tarjota lisää tietoa, jonka avulla voidaan vahvistaa ymmärrystä. Tiedon ja ymmärryksen lisääntymisen myötä myös työntekijän osaaminen vahvistuu ja kasvaa.

Tutkimuksen keskeisinä tuloksina korostuivat lapsiperheiden vanhempien toiveet tuttuuden kokemuksesta ja saatavilla olemisen tarpeesta.  Vanhemmille oli tärkeää, että työntekijöiden läsnäolo oli välitöntä, helppoa ja arkista kohtaamista. Vanhemmat arvostivat sitä, että saivat olla kohtaamispaikassa lapsineen oman tahtisesti mutta työntekijät olivat saatavilla, mikäli tarvetta ilmeni.  Vertaiskokemusten jakaminen muiden samassa elämäntilanteessa elävien kanssa oli merkittävää kuten sen myötä solmitut ystävyyssuhteet.

Kohtaamisessa edellytetään uskallusta olla tilanteessa, vaikka se ei olisi täysin luontevaa ja siinä saattaisi piillä ennakoimattomia muuttujia – tunneilmapiirissä tai keskinäiseen vuorovaikutukseen tulemisessa. Uskallusta olla läsnä toiselle ihmiselle, vaikka hän olisi erilainen tai käyttäytyisi eri tavoin kuin minä itse. Lahti (2021) nostaa hienosti kohtaamiseenkin sopivan Kierkegaardin lausahduksen:

Aloita sieltä missä asiakas on – älä sieltä missä toivot tai oletat hänen olevan.

Kohtaava vuorovaikutus on parhaimmillaan hyväksymistä toisen yksilön tavasta olla, mutta myös itsensä hyväksymistä. Vuorovaikutuksessa ollaan alttiina monenlaisille tunteille sekä ajatuksille. Ne voi huomata itsessä tai vastapuolessa.  Reaktiot voivat yllättää ja hämmentää.

Miten toimia kunnioittavasti niissä tilanteissa, kun huomaa, että itselle tulee hankala olo tai toisen reaktiota on vaikea ymmärtää. Tai huomaako ja tavoittaako niitä? Entäpä, jos itsellä olisi jo valmis vastaus ja näkemys tilanteesta. Mutta vastapuoli ei toimi ja etene siinä tahdissa, jonka työntekijänä arvioisi tehokkaaksi.

Vuorovaikutusta ja kohtaamista tutkiessa oli hyvinkin mielenkiintoista se, kuinka ihmiset käyttäytyvät ja reagoivat eri tilanteissa. Kohtaamisen merkitystä tarkastellessa on tärkeää miettiä, mitkä tekijät voivat vaikuttaa vuorovaikutukseen ja kohtaamiseen. Toteuttaako ammattilaisena kohtaamista omista näkökulmistaan käsin vai pysähtyykö oikeasti näkemään tilanteen, jossa vastapuoli kyseisellä hetkellä on.

Moni asia on teoriassa helpompi ymmärtää ja allekirjoittaa. Ja ajatella toimivansa sen mukaisesti. Ihmisten välisessä vuorovaikutuksessa on monia tasoja, jotka vaikuttavat tunnelmaan ja yksilöiden käyttäytymiseen.  On tärkeää, että työntekijä kykenee reflektoimaan omaa toimintaansa asiakassuhteessa. Tiedostamatta omaa toimintaansa, itsessä herääviä tuntemuksia ja niiden vaikutuksia asiakaskohtaamisessa, työntekijä voi tahtomattaan vahvistaa asiakkaan reaktioita.

Ajattelen, että on sitten kysymyksessä mikä tahansa vuorovaikutukselle esteitä ja jarruja aiheuttava tekijä, käytännössä kaikkeen voi hyödyntää ajatusta pysähtymisestä ja tarkemmasta tarkastelusta. Mikä ja mitä reaktion tai käytöksen takana on? Ammattilainen, uskalla nähdä ja pysähtyä, myös tarkastelemaan omaa toimintaasi tilanteissa, ilman ennakkoasenteita ja olettamuksia.

Kirjoittaja

Sari Varpula, sosionomi AMK, sosionomi YAMK varhaisen tuen asiantuntija, Savonia-ammattikorkeakoulu

asiasanat: Sosionomi YAMK, varhaisen tuen asiantuntija, kohtaaminen, vuorovaikutus, esteettömyys

Lähteet:

Holopainen, Gunilla; Nyström, Lisbet & Kasèn, Anne 2017. The caring encounter in nursing. Tieteellinen artikkeli Journal Sage. Nursing Ethics. Verkkojulkaisu. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0969733016687161

Maanmieli, Karoliina & Sarvela, Kati 2022. Traumainformoitu lähestymistapa. Traumatietoutta mielenterveystyöhön. Helsinki; Basam Books Oy.

Mönkkönen, Kaarina 2007. Vuorovaikutus. Dialoginen asiakastyö. Helsinki: Edita Oy.   

Mönkkönen, Kaarina 2018. Vuorovaikutus asiakastyössä. Asiakkaan kohtaaminen sosiaali- ja terveysalalla. Helsinki: Gaudeamus Oy.   

Mönkkönen, Kaarina; Leinonen, Leena; Arajärvi, Miina; Hovatta, Anna-Elina; Tusa, Nina & Salokangas, Katri 2019. Moniammatillisen vuorovaikutuksen tarkastelua. Teoksessa K. Mönkkönen, T. Kekoni & A. Pehkonen (toim.) Moniammatillinen yhteistyö. Vaikuttava vuorovaikutus sosiaali- ja terveysalalla. Tallinna: Gaudeamus Oy.

Lahti Juha 2021. Kohtaava asiakastyö ohjauksellisena lähestymistapana ja käytännön työotteena.  Raportteja 3/21. Kaakkoissuomen elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskus. Verkkojulkaisu. https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/180459/Raportteja_3_2021.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Larja Marja 2021. Vuorovaikutuksen merkitys päihdetyössä. Ilman luottamuksellista yhteistyösuhdetta ei voi olla luottamuksellisia keskusteluita. Progradu-tutkielma. Lapin yliopisto. Verkkojulkaisu https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fife2021042928037

Pehkonen, Aini; Martikainen, Kaisa; Kinni, Riitta-Liisa & Mönkkönen, Kaarina 2019. Asiakas moniammatillisessa kohtaamisessa. Teoksessa K. Mönkkönen, T. Kekoni & A. Pehkonen (toim.) Moniammatillinen yhteistyö. Vaikuttava vuorovaikutus sosiaali- ja terveysalalla. Tallinna: Gaudeamus Oy.

Virtanen, Liisa 2021. Kohtaaminen ja vuorovaikutus sosiaalityössä. Asiakkaan oikeus hyvään kohteluun. Kandidaatin tutkielma. Jyväskylän yliopisto. Verkkojulkaisu. https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/74432

Varpula, Sari 2024. Kohtaava vuorovaikutus lapsiperheille suunnatussa matalan kynnyksen kohtaamispaikassa. Opinnäytetyö YAMK. Savonia-ammattikorkeakoulu.

Väyrynen, Taru 2019. Tulkattu kohtaaminen – sosiaalityöntekijöiden kokemuksia tulkin läsnäolosta lastensuojelun asiakastilanteissa. Maisteritutkielma. Helsingin yliopisto. Verkkojulkaisu. https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/8adc6b3262c94ea39514ef98d3f295b1/content

Youth worker Skill Workshop (YSW)

I am studying for a Master’s degree in Welfare Coordination (Master of Applied Sciences) at Savonia University of Applied Sciences and I decided to complete my studies by participating in a training course in Luxemburg in April 2024. There I participated in a youth workers’ training course: Youth worker Skill Workshop (YSW) ‘Wellbeing’.

Writers first ”photo of the day” collection featuring photos from Luxembourg.

This short training course was focussed on increasing wellbeing for youth workers or other people who are working with youngsters on the field of non-formal learning. The focus was both developing well-being in youth work practice and daily life. The training aimed at youth workers suited me well, as I primarily have been working with young people. The training course was also interesting because it focused on the personal wellbeing of the worker. So far, the welfare coordinator studies I have completed have focused on welfare work in society perspective.

During the training course we handled many theories and practices how to take care of own wellbeing. One interesting aspect is gratitude.

What is gratitude? Latin word gratia means grace, graciousness or gratefulness. Gratitude is an emotion expressing appreciation events that have happened or what one has. Man can also feel gratitude for something or gratitude in a moment. Even if the moment has been difficult or time has been challenging, man can afterwards feel gratitude.


Why practice gratitude? Gratitude increases positive thoughts, which encourages more positive feelings and emotions. It can make us feel more optimistic and energetic about future, to ahead more positively. Therefore, gratitude also helps us feel more connected with other people, to value them and be valued by them.


How to practice gratitude? It is easy to slow down and practice looking for beauty everywhere. Maybe taking a beautiful photo every day, let´s say like during one month. After month it is nice to watch all beautiful photos, relax and enjoy the beauty of surroundings. If you like writing, you could write down 3-5 things you are grateful for at the end of each day. This way you can create your “Gratitude journal” writing something you have experiences or someone has done for you that day. You can also share the gratitude with other people. Write a letter – write with pen and paper – to say “Thank you” to someone you think deserve it. Handwritten and maybe also hand delivered letter makes the experience more powerful and personal.

If you feel you pretend to be too busy for any extra practices, remember, you can just slow down. On your way to work, during your lunch or coffee break and take notice of any actions or experiences and express that you are grateful for this moment, this person or this activity.

Gratitude is one way for self-care.
It is okey to take care of yourself, so you take care of your own wellbeing.  
You are the most valuable person for yourself.

Written by wellbeing coordinator student Virpi Tuovinen

The organizer of this training course was SALTO-YOUTH.  As part of the European Commission’s Training Strategy, SALTO-YOUTH provide non-formal learning resources for youth workers and youth leaders and organises training and contact-making activities to support organisations and National Agencies (NAs) within the frame of the European Commission’s Erasmus+ Youth programme, the European Solidarity Corps, and beyond.

Read more:

SALTO-YOUTH (https://www.salto-youth.net/)
Gratitude (https://positivepsychology.com/gratitude-appreciation/)

Erasmus + nuorisoalalle (https://www.oph.fi/fi/kehittaminen-ja-kansainvalisyys/eu-ohjelmat-nuorisoalalle)

ALUEPOLITIIKKA HYVINVOINNIN JA TERVEYDEN EDISTÄJÄNÄ

Hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistäminen, ts. HYTE, on laaja-alainen käsite ja monimutkainen kokonaisuus. ”Kaikki vaikuttaa kaikkeen” -periaatteen mukaisesti hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistäminen vaatii yksilön, yhteisöjen ja yhteiskuntarakenteiden sekä ympäristön huomioonottamista kaikessa päätöksenteossa ollakseen vaikuttavaa ja tehokasta. Hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistäminen on jatkuvaa, ajassa elävää ja alueen asukkaiden muuttuvien tarpeiden mukaista kehittämistyötä. Aluepolitiikalla on ratkaiseva rooli alueiden kehityksen ja asukkaiden hyvinvoinnin vahvistamisessa.

Helsinki on muuttovoittoisena ja monikulttuurisena pääkaupunkinamme omaleimainen alue aluepolitiikoiden päätösvallan kohteena. Kaupunki hoitaa sekä hyvinvointialueen että kunnan tehtävät eli se vastaa hyvin laajasta valikoimasta erilaisia julkisia palveluita. Helsingissä ylintä päätösvaltaa käyttää 85- jäseninen kaupunginvaltuusto. Hallintorakenne vaatii kaupunginvaltuutetulta laajaa perehtyneisyyttä ja hyvää ymmärrystä hallinnonalojen sekä eri toimialojen muodostavasta kokonaisuudesta sekä niiden vaikutusmahdollisuuksista helsinkiläisten hyvinvointiin ja terveyteen.

Opinnäytetyössäni ”Helsinkiläisten kaupunginvaltuutettujen käsityksiä hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämisestä” selvitin kyselytutkimuksen avulla mm. sitä, miten kaupunginvaltuutetut määrittelevät HYTEn ja miten he näkevät kaupunginvaltuuston roolin HYTE-työssä.


Kuvateksti: Hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämisen käsite on laaja-alainen. Kuva: Pixabay.

Kaksitoista kaupunginvaltuutettua antoi vastauksensa avoimiin kysymyksiin. Vastausaineistosta hahmottui hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämisen olevan vastaajien mielestä pääasiallisesti toimivia sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluita sekä liikuntaa. Kaupunginvaltuuston keinoksi vaikuttaa hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämiseen tunnistettiin mm. päätöksenteko, budjetointi ja aloitteet, jotka ovatkin valtuuston perustehtävä. Lähes puolet vastaajista kertoi kokevansa kaupungin eri toimialoilla ja lautakunnilla olevan kuitenkin enemmän vaikutusvaltaa Helsingin hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämisessä. Kolmeksi tärkeimmäksi hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämisen keinoiksi Helsingissä nähtiin liikunnan edistäminen, toimiva kaupunkisuunnittelu ja kulttuuripalvelujen tarjoaminen. HYTE-työn vaikuttavuutta valtuutetut kertoivat eniten arvioivansa erilaisista raporteista.

Mielenkiintoista on, ettei vastauksista noussut lainkaan koulutukseen ja varhaiskasvatukseen liittyviä teemoja vaikka se on yksi tärkeimmistä tehtävistä kunnissa. Myöskään monia muita kunnan tehtäviä kuten vesi- ja jätehuoltoa, varautumista tai ympäristöpalveluja ei vastauksissa mainittu hyvinvointia ja terveyttä edistävinä tekijöinä. Helsingin ilmastotavoitteet mainittiin vain yhdessä vastauksessa. Osallisuus, mielenterveyden edistäminen ja hyvinvointi- ja terveyserojen kaventaminen ilmaistiin vain muutamissa vastauksissa koko vastausaineistosta. Vastaukset olivat osin hyvin niukkasanaisia ja voi toki olla, että vastaajat ajattelivat mm. kaupunkisuunnittelun sisältävän osan em. teemoista. Ja mainittiinhan vastauksissa myös joitain kertoja esim. ”sote-palvelujen ulkopuoliset palvelut”, joiden voi ajatella sisältävän universaalisti kaiken, mutta harmillisesti näissä vastauksissa ei juurikaan selitetty mitä näihin palveluihin vastaajien mielestä sisältyi.

Kaupunginvaltuusto hyväksyy valtuustokausittain Helsingin hyvinvointisuunnitelman, ja osassa vastauksista olikin havaittavissa yhtymäkohtia vuoden 2022 hyvinvointisuunnitelman painopistealueisiin. Puolet kyselyyni vastanneista valtuutetuista määritteli HYTEn sekä hyvinvointialueen että kunnan kontekstista katsottuna, vaikkakin jonkin verran kapeasti ajatellen. Mielenkiintoista on, että toinen puoli vastaajista ajatteli vain jompaakumpaa kontekstia ilmaisuissaan tai ilmaisi ainoastaan yksilön valintoihin ja velvollisuuksiin liittyviä asioita hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämisenä.

Tuntevatko kaupunginvaltuutetut siis hyväksymänsä hyvinvointisuunnitelman sisältöä? Ainakaan vastauksissa hyvinvointisuunnitelmaa nimenä ei mainittu kuin kerran. Tulisiko kaupungin keskittyäkin painottamaan valtuustokausittain vain muutamaa hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämisen painopistettä? Siten ne olisivat mahdollisesti helpommin käsitettävissä ja hallittavissa kaupunginvaltuuston jäsenillä, johtajilla ja toimialoilla. Vastausaineiston perusteella suositeltavaa ainakin olisi, että Helsinki organisaationa vahvistaisi jokaisena valtuustokautena kaupunginvaltuutettujen ymmärrystä hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämisestä, jotta se nähdään muunakin kuin yksittäisinä toimenpiteinä. Onhan alueen asukkaiden hyvinvoinnista ja terveydestä sekä alueen elinvoimaisuudesta huolehtiminen kaupungin tärkein tehtävä. Ja kaupunginvaltuusto, sen ylimpänä päättävänä elimenä, siten paljon vartijana. 

Opinnäyte luettavissa Theseuksessa nimellä: Helsingin kaupunginvaltuutettujen käsityksiä hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämisestä kesäkuussa 2024.

Kirjoittaja: Helena Lamberg, hyvinvointikoordinaattori YAMK-opiskelija, Savonia-ammattikorkeakoulu

Lähteet:

Väestön kasvu ja muuttoliike

HYTE Helsingissä

Kuka päättää ja mistä

Terve Suomi 2023

Hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistäminen

Asiasanat: Hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistäminen, aluepolitiikka, kaupunginvaltuusto, kaupunginvaltuutettu, Helsinki